How NAFTA has affected the financial service industries in the United S

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was sanctioned in November of 1993 with expects to encourage the free progression of merchandise, administrations and work between the United States, Canada and Mexico. The confirmation of NAFTA made the world’s biggest free market with about 390 million buyers and an expected all out yield of $8.6 trillion. Unmistakably, this exchange partnership has impacted the money related assistance enterprises of the taking an interest countries and will keep on doing as such later on. Be that as it may, the money related assistance arrangements of NAFTA will have adequately more prominent ramifications for Mexico than either the United States or Canada. This is to a limited extent since Mexico is setting out upon a more noteworthy move towards transparency in its money related help ventures. The way that the budgetary markets of Canada and the United States have been exceptionally coordinated preceding NAFTA infers that they won't advanta ge as much from exchanges inside their own business sectors. What’s more, Canada’s exchange with Mexico is 1 percent of its exchange with the United States. In any case, the chief additions from money related incorporation of this sort have to a great extent to do with the more productive distribution of capital across global limits and the more effective arrangement of residential budgetary administrations to shoppers.      The essential increases to the United States from the NAFTA budgetary administrations understanding will be overwhelmingly found over the long haul. The entrance to a market that incorporates 90 million individuals and has been served by a monetary and banking part that has been generally wasteful and illiquid will end up being a significant preferred position to the United States. Despite the fact that the market access to Mexico’s budgetary industry has been steady, U.S. banks, safety net providers and money related organizations have free and reasonable access to Mexico. Further, as opposed to Canada, the United States has had solid chronicled attaches with Mexico and this nature is required to give a favorable position to the United States in Mexico. In the years to come, further development of business for U.S. banks and monetary organizations on account of NAFTA can be normal.      A key effect of the budgetary administrations segment is that U.S. banks and budgetary establishments will be compelled to improve their seriousness. The McFadden Act (1927) and the Glass-Steagall Act (1933) constrained branch-based banks an... ...a hemispheric coalition, in spite of the fact that specialists gauge that an extension all through Latin America will take a lot of time and assets because of political moving. In any case, the ramifications of such an understanding will without a doubt sway the economies of all nations engaged with a sensational and unrivaled design. REFERENCES Crary, D, â€Å"Royal Bank of Canada and Bank of Montreal Plan Merger†, Related Press, January 23, 1998. Serenade, J, â€Å"The Financial Sector in NAFTA: A Trinational Analysis†, S. Globerman and M. Walker, 2000. Gonzalez-Hermosillo, B, â€Å"Financial Integration in North America† Paper introduced at the meeting â€Å"Capital Mobility and Financial Integration in North America,† Partnered Social Science Associations yearly gatherings, Boston (MA), 3-5 January 2001. Wonnacott, R.J. 2000. â€Å"The NAFTA: Fortress North America?† Commentary (C.D. Howe Institute), no. 54:1-18. White, W.R. 1999. â€Å"Some Implications of International Financial Integration for Canadian Policy† Technical Report No. 57. Ottawa: Bank of Canada. Garber, P.M. also, Weisbrod, S.R., Opening the Financial Services Market in Mexico†, The Mexican-US Free Trade Agreement.  â â â â

Methods for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry

Techniques for Sustainability in the Chemical Industry List of chapters (Jump to) Presentation Methods OF MAINTAINING SUSTAINABILITY IN THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY 1. Sustainable AND CLEAN ENERGY 2. CATALYSIS 3. Proficient WASTE MANAGEMENT AND RECYCLE 4. More secure SOLVENT End REFERENCE Presentation Otherwise called green science, maintainability in the synthetic business is the training or a perspective of compound looks into that is configuration to concentrate on the decrease or end of the concoction forms that outcomes to the creation of an age of dangerous substances especially to the earth and humankind (USEPA, 2015). Regarding the current climatic changes, physical confirmations shows that the rate at which sunlight based vitality is gotten from the sun contrasted with the rate at which it is lost to space, has seriously expanded over the earlier decades, Hence, contrarily influencing the atmospheres of various locales over the globe. This could be associated to the way that numerous substance forms utilized in the ventures today are not feasible enough (Blackstone 2015). Figure 1: Gas Emission from a Chemical Plant Source: www.texastribune.org Methods OF MAINTAINING SUSTAINABILITY IN THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY There are a few ways to deal with keep up supportability in the substance business today; anyway this report focused on four of them; 1. Inexhaustible AND CLEAN ENERGY Most concoction forms requires vitality so as to appear, and with petroleum product getting dynamically increasingly rare with correlation with request, there is the need to discover elective sources, for example, reused or sustainable power source. The eventual outcomes of utilizing non-renewable energy source, especially to work a compound plant such an alkali plant for instance is that a lot of Carbon-monoxide is delivered as result subsequently adding to the current worldwide difficulties of environmental change (University of York, 2014). Methods of Using Energy Effectively By utilizing great insulative materials and very much supported hardware, heat misfortune will be diminished during the procedure of creation and any overflow warmth ought to be re-used to delivered high temp water instead of being lost to nature. Synthetic responses that require lower temperature ought to be viewed as when the alternative is accessible. Where conceivable, substance plants ought to abstain from utilizing generator to produce power as a result of the discharge of carbon-monoxide. 2. CATALYSIS The utilization of impetuses assumes a tremendous job in the upgrade of an increasingly reasonable procedure for the creation of synthetic concoctions. There are a few advantages in utilizing and creating impetuses for modern substance responses, some noteworthy ones being: They emphatically influence the condition required for the compound response, regularly diminishing the vitality required by decreasing the weight and temperature. They encourage the use of elective responses which for the most part have a superior iota economy subsequently lessens wastage. They empower the likelihood to accurately control the response pathways, thus diminishing undesirable results and making it simpler to filter and separate the favored items. Model: In the creation of nylon-6 (a fundamental polymer used to make textures); cyclohexanone is modified into caprolactam through the methods for oxime (responding hydroxylamine hydrogen-sulfate with ketone). This procedure requires the need to isomerised sulphuric corrosive with the reactant (caprolactam) which at that point emits ammonium sulfate (wastage). With the presentation of an impetus (zeolite), the synthetic responses are revised thus coming about to disposal of the resulting wastage from sulphuric corrosive (University of York, 2014). 3. Effective WASTE MANAGEMENT AND RECYCLE As much as it is for all intents and purposes difficult to have zero-wastage, compound practices can soak up the accompanying society beneath; Squander Avoidance: Where conceivable, compound procedures that include less or no wastage ought to be considered essentially in light of the fact that it spares time, cash and jelly the earth. By and large, substance squander items are dealt with extraordinarily because of their unsafe propensities to humankind and nature (Blackstone 2015). Squander Re-utilization: In cases whereby it is practically outlandish not to deliver squander, elective methods ought to be conceived so as to re-utilize the waste items made. For instance, a synthetic plant, that leads a great deal of ignition can re-utilize the carbon-monoxide (result) to created methanol by the hydrogenation of the carbon-monoxide (University of York, 2014). Squander to-vitality Conversion and Recycle: In specific conditions, the vitality expected to reuse the waste item perhaps huge contrasted with the upsides of the reused item consequently it might be impressive better to change over waste to vitality. Reuse and changing over waste to vitality ought to be tradable. For instance, the creation of cotton with the utilization of pesticides and manures could wind up requiring more vitality and contaminating more than the creation of certain counterfeit filaments or textures (University of York 2014). Landfill: this is frequently viewed as the most practical approach to arrange specific compound waste particularly in nations like America and Nigeria with huge open fields. With other waste administration strategies, for example, cremation and asset recuperation both requiring wide interests in labor and framework, landfills have less expense, permitting them to stand well. They can likewise be moved up to produce flammable gas which can be possibly observed as income stream (Blackstone 2015). 4. More secure SOLVENT As a major aspect of the way to protect nature and to keep up the acts of a practical science, it is desirable over lead responses that happen in a vaporous stage basically in light of the fact that they maintain a strategic distance from the utilization of solvents to unite reactants. Instances of these procedures incorporate; the assembling of alkali, methanol, ethene and ethanoic. In the creation of ethanoic, where conceivable, an elective dissolvable which isn't hurtful ought to be utilized on the grounds that the dissolvable promptly dissipates into the air except if security safety measures are taken to contain them (University of York, 2014). End The four methods for keeping up maintainability in the substance business as clarified with model in the body of this article would go far in saving nature and its environment whenever kept by and by, especially to the people in the future. What's more, the need to similarly accentuation and assimilate this training in current synthetic procedures is practical feasible both to the compound enterprises and to potential speculators. REFERENCES Rupert Blackstone (2015). How would we accomplish a manageable lifestyle?Institution of mechanical specialists UK. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.imeche.org/information/ventures/vitality condition and-maintainability/news/Sustainable-Lifestyles. [Accessed: 20 April 2015]. College of York (2014). Basic Chemical Industry on the web. Green science. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/forms/green-chemistry.html. [Accessed 19 April 2015]. Joined State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) 2015. Green Chemistry | US EPA. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www2.epa.gov/green-science. [Accessed 16 April 2015].

Blog Archive Professor Profiles Aneel Karnani, Stephen M. Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan

Blog Archive Professor Profiles Aneel Karnani, Stephen M. Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan Many MBA applicants feel that they are purchasing a brand when they choose a business school, but the educational experience itself is crucial to your future, and no one will affect your education more than your professors. Each Wednesday, we profile a standout professor as identified by students. Today, we profile Aneel Karnani from the Stephen M. Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan. Aneel Karnani (“Corporate Strategy,” “Strategy for Growth”) is chair of the strategy department at Ross and teaches courses in both the core and elective curriculums. All the students mbaMission interviewed about Karnani lauded his innovative way of teaching, which, one said, keeps you “at the edge of your seat.” Karnani is known to challenge his students constantly, forcing them to rethink their views and opinions. His areas of interest include corporate competitivenessâ€"particularly in the context of companies who are growing in emerging economiesâ€"and the role of the private sector in the fight against poverty. For more information about Michigan Ross and 14 other top-ranked business schools, check out the mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Professor Profiles University of Michigan (Ross) Blog Archive Professor Profiles Aneel Karnani, Stephen M. Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan Many MBA applicants feel that they are purchasing a brand when they choose a business school, but the educational experience itself is what is crucial to your future, and no one will affect your education more than your professors. Each Wednesday, we profile a standout professor as identified by students. Today, we profile Aneel Karnani from the Stephen M. Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan. Aneel Karnani (“Corporate Strategy,” “Strategy for Growth”) is chair of the strategy department at Michigan Ross and teaches courses in both the core and elective curricula. All the students mbaMission interviewed about Karnani lauded his innovative way of teaching, which, one said, keeps you “at the edge of your seat.” Karnani is known to challenge his students constantly, forcing them to rethink their views and opinions. His areas of interest include corporate competitivenessâ€"particularly in the context of companies who are growing in emerging economiesâ€"and the role of the private sector in the fight against poverty. For more information about Michigan Ross and 15 other top-ranked business schools, check out the mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Professor Profiles University of Michigan (Ross) Blog Archive Professor Profiles Aneel Karnani, Stephen M. Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan Many MBA applicants feel that they are purchasing a brand when they choose a business school, but the educational experience itself is crucial to your future, and no one will affect your education more than your professors. Each Wednesday, we profile a standout professor as identified by students. Today, we profile  Aneel Karnani  from the Stephen M. Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan. Aneel Karnani (“Corporate Strategy” and “Strategy for Growth”) is chair of the strategy department at Ross and teaches courses in both the core and elective curriculums. All the students mbaMission interviewed about Karnani lauded his innovative way of teaching, which, one said, keeps you “at the edge of your seat.” Karnani is known to challenge his students constantly, forcing them to rethink their views and opinions. His areas of interest include corporate competitivenessâ€"particularly in the context of companies that are growing in emerging economiesâ€"and the role of the private sector in the fight against poverty. Karnani received a Teaching Excellence Award, voted on by the Ross student body, in 2001, 2007 and 2009. For more information about Michigan Ross and 15 other top-ranked business schools, check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Professor Profiles University of Michigan (Ross)

Argumentative Essay On The Crucible - 1217 Words

The Crucible Essay If someone told you that your light in your room is flickering, because of witchcraft and not the simple fact that the light bulb is burnt out, would you believe them? Well in Arthur Millers play, The Crucible they did if something out of the ordinary happened and couldn’t be explained they turned to witchcraft. People were being accused without any proof which leads us to the theme of this play that is to not believe false accusations or accusations that have no proof. The author, Arthur Miller is trying to convey in this story that the government can sometimes get too powerful over the people and rule the people in ways just to benefit themselves. In today’s world there is a lot of debates about whether or not†¦show more content†¦All of this relates back to the theme of the, The Crucible to not believe in false accusations, because that’s exactly what happened even though the opposite should’ve happened when Tituba got ac cused and Abby was the guilty one. Another part of the story to show the theme is when Rebecca Nurse is being accused and even though this is so odd because everyone knows how good of a soul Rebecca is they still believe it just because someone accused her. It is explained here in the text, â€Å"You will never believe, I hope, that Rebecca trafficked with the Devil. Hale: Woman it is possible†(32). This part of the story shows the theme, because Rebecca is being falsely accused but everyone is still going along with it. Arthur Miller writes about why he wrote the crucible and says, â€Å"There was bad blood between the two women now†(3). Miller is talking about Abigail and Elizabeth in this part about how Elizabeth fired Abigail and now Abby is accusing John of witchcraft. This can explain the theme, because since those two have bad blood between them you can guess that Abby’s accusation is not the truth. This shows to not believe in false accusations, because they could be accusing someone for other reasons than just witchcraft. All in all the theme in The Crucible is to not believe in false accusations or accusations that had no proof, all these examples from the story showed it well because all theShow MoreRelatedHow Writing Is A Skill That Anyone Can Be Good1161 Words   |  5 Pageswith The Crucible are both examples of how important it was to understand how the timing and beliefs played a factor into writing. Writing became less about creativity and imagination and instead how to write professionally and understand that it was now more important to organize my thoughts into my writing. My writing evolved to prepare for adulthood. Our entrance into high school also revolutionized our writing styles. Our diction became advanced and eloquent. Utilizing syntax gave essays and papersRead MoreHow To Write Literary Analysis4174 Words   |  17 PagesHow To Write Literary Analysis The Literary Essay: A Step-by-Step Guide When you read for pleasure, your only goal is enjoyment. You might find yourself reading to get caught up in an exciting story, to learn about an interesting time or place, or just to pass time. Maybe you’re looking for inspiration, guidance, or a reflection of your own life. There are as many different, valid ways of reading a book as there are books in the world. When you read a work of literature in an English classRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pageswere the most motivated and did best when their leader expressed anger. Why do disagreeable teams do their best when their leader is angry? If you recall our discussion of agreeableness in Chapter 5, disagreeable individuals are more direct, more argumentative, and less conflict-averse than their more agreeable counterparts. Disagreeable teams may react better to an angry leader because the leader is speaking a language the team can understand, or the disagreeable team members may be less sensitive to

National Student Loan Data System - 1491 Words

The Obama administration has successfully created and passed a new law that will unfairly enforce more regulations on post secondary schools. This new law, called Program Integrity: Gainful Employment (GE) was established when concerns were raised about the amount owed on student loan debt. This single ruling will permanently close several hundred programs and lower the options of educational choices for non-traditional students. The American taxpayer dollar is funding the education of low income students in the form of Federal Pell Grants and Federal Direct Student Loans. The federal government has the responsibility of funding those student loans. The Department of Education (DOE) is responsible for the rules applied to student loans.†¦show more content†¦According to the final ruling on October 31, 2014, the DOE will target post secondary schools with a mandate that the schools must show that their graduate students are gainfully employed with an income that will allow st udent loan debt repayment (â€Å"Program†). Taken as a median income of all graduates, these sole figures will close an institution when federal funding is lost because the metrics set by the Obama administration are not met. Lobbyists have successfully blocked parts the new regulations in federal court. According to their second suit filed in November 2014 against Secretary of Education Arne Duncan, the Association of Private Sector Colleges and Universities feel that this regulation is unacceptable and in violation of federal law (â€Å"APSCU†). The lawsuit also suggests that millions of students will have a limited number of programs to choose from because so many schools will close permanently. The DOE conceded in the first suit that no single test is a perfect solution of determining if a school is passing the GE rule (Program). Originally, there were three metric tests; now there is only one that has two parts. This single test will take the annual wage information from the Social Security Administration and compare those wages against the student’s loan debt. To pass the metric guidelines, the GE rule explains that a student must have a debt to earnings ratio (d/e) less than

Legalizing Marijuana Does Society Really Need Another Way...

At some point in the not-too-distant future, America will confront the question of whether or not to legalize the use and cultivation of marijuana. A recent poll shows that support for legalization has reached its highest level since the question was first asked thirty years ago, with 34 percent supporting a liberalization of policy. Among political elites there is a growing consensus that the harsh penalties imposed on those who grow, use, and sell marijuana are disproportionate to its harmful effects. Even among conservatives, opinion seems to be shifting. Whether the change should be welcomed is another matter. In a recent essay for National Review, Richard Lowry raises the question of whether marijuana is truly harmful-and he†¦show more content†¦Much more potent is Lowrys argument against the conventional wisdom that pot is a gateway drug to such harder substances as LSD, cocaine, metham ­ phetamine, and heroin. Reversing accepted assump ­ tions, Lowry denies both that kids who use marijuana go on to experiment with stronger drugs and that those who do so are led to this behavior by the marijuana itself. As he points out, just because a cocaine addict used marijuana first doesnt mean he is on cocaine because he smoked marijuana. To argue in this way is, he claims, to confuse temporality with causality. It is more likely that children who experiment with drugs of all kinds do so because of a preexisting behavioral problem. Its thus the kid, not the substance, who is the problem. Like the NRAs effective campaign to persuade the country that guns dont kill people, people kill people, Lowrys argument contains much truth. Of course a troubled child is more likely to try drugs than one with a firm sense of right and wrong. But thats far from being the end of the story. Just as a would-be murderer can usually do far more harm with a gun than he could with a less potent weapon, so a child in danger of losing his way can do more damage to himself when drugs are widely available for his use, as they surely would be if they were legalized. And then there is the questionShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1715 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana in Society Cannabis, formally known as marijuana is a drug obtained from the tops, stems and leaves of the hemp plant cannabis. The drug is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world. Only substances like caffeine, nicotine and alcohol are used more (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). In the U. S. where some use it to feel â€Å"high† or get an escape from reality. The drug is referred to in many ways; weed, grass, pot, and or reefer are some common names used to describe the drug (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). Like mostRead MoreAnalysis Of Why Congress Should Legalize Pot By Jeffery Miron1066 Words   |  5 Pages In the article, â€Å"Why Congress Should Legalize Pot† by Jeffery Miron, he lists many different reasons why he thinks marijuana should be legalized by the federal government for recreational use in the United States. Throughout the article Miron uses a consistent amount of logos in an effort to persuade or convince the readers that his opinion is correct. By continu ously listing facts and logical statements supporting federal legalization he hopes that the reader will understand and be able toRead MoreWhy Marijuana Should be Legalized Essay example1689 Words   |  7 PagesDebate on why Marijuana should be legalized Marijuana is a public name for an illegal substance (drug) produced from the Cannabis (Cannabis sativa) plant. It is also called weed, ganja, grass, kaya and pot. The drug has many chemical compounds and in particular, it has THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) which is responsible for changing mind functions leading to alternations of cognition, mood, behavior, perception and consciousness. â€Å"It is the most widely used illicit substance in the world† (WorldRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1349 Words   |  6 PagesThe legalization of marijuana has been a debate that has been going on for the past decade. Many Americans (about 80 percent surveyed) do believe in the legalization while others disagree. With the correct facts in place, it is easy to prove that the legalization of marijuana is a huge benefit to the American people and those who disagree are disagreeing for the wrong reasons. One reason it should be legalized is marijuana can be used for medical purposes, others say it can help lower the debt inRead MoreDo You Love Me Mary Jane?1636 Words   |  7 Pageswas prescribed medicinal marijuana. When Kaleka was interviewed he stated that the medicinal marijuana works. She feels that it is disappointing that people do not see marijuana as a good option to cure people. In the interview Kaleka said â€Å"Personally I know that medicinal marijuana works. I think its disappointing that people who might really need it, someone whos gone through a tragedy like that, doesnt have access to that option.(Kaleka) Not only did medicinal marijuana treat his illnesses, butRead MoreThe Dangers Of Marijuana And Alcohol909 Words   |  4 PagesMarijuana and alcohol have caused several problems over the past few years. However, alcohol has always been around. Marijuana has also always been around, but there was an absence of it for a good period of time. It is not becoming more popular all over the United States. Although neither stimulant s are good for you, the usage of both is in a very high demand. Both marijuana and alcohol have different side effects. Being an alcoholic is by no means healthy for a person. Any person can easilyRead MoreEssay on Marijuana Is Beneficial2227 Words   |  9 Pagesquestion. Whether tis nobler in the mind to suffer the slings and arrows of society or succumb to popular opinion and legalize Marijuana. Marijuana is a cure for anorexia as well as glaucoma. Marijuana is even a helping factor for relieving some symptoms of A.I.D.S. Still the government of our nation has Marijuana classified as a Division I drug. Which means it serves no medical use and does in no way benefit society. The studies outdated and scientifically proven to be incorrect still remainRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized For Recreational Purposes?2349 Words   |  10 PagesShould marijuana be legalized for recreational purposes? That question, and many variances of it, have been kicked around and hotly debated for decades by the middling individual and politicians alike. 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MarijuanaRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1697 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana is currently illegal in the United States, and according to popular belief, is considered a dangerous substance like any other and decriminalization of this substance would send a message to the nation’s youth that marijuana use is acceptable, resulting in higher use rates. Some believe that it is dangerous and needs to be contained, while others believe it should only be a civil infraction, and not a crime punishable with steep fines and jail t ime. Marijuana offenders can experience jail

Harmlet Claudius Essay Example For Students

Harmlet Claudius Essay Claudius and HamletClaudius Hamlet, would the inhumane and sick character please step forth. Upon reading the sampling of Hamlet criticisms in John Jumps Hamlet (Selections) I disagreed with a few of the critics, but my analysis was the most different from Wilson Knights interpretation. He labels Hamlet as a sick, cynical, and inhumane prince (Jump, 124) who vitiated a Denmark which was one of healthy and robust life, good-nature, humor, romantic strength, and welfare. In his book, The Wheel of Fire, he continues this line of thought to conclude that Claudius is a good and gentle king, enmeshed by the chain of causality linking him with his crime. And this chain he might, perhaps, have broken except for Hamlet (Jump, 125). Although Knights views of Hamlet and Claudius are almost the extreme opposite of my interpretation, I understand how he developed this interpretation. Hamlet becomes sick and cynical after the death of his father, whom he greatly admired, and the hasty remarriage of his mother to his uncle. Hamlet thinks his father was an excellent king, who loved his mother so much that he may might not beteem the winds of heaven/ Visit her face to roughly (I, ii, 140-141). However, his mother mourned for a little month and then she married a man who was no more like father/ Than to Hercules (I, ii, 153-152). These extraordinary events cause him to launch into a state of melancholy and depression in which he desires that this too too solid flesh would melt (I, ii, 129). In this melancholy, Hamlet loses becomes disenchanted with life, and to him the world seems weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable (I, ii, 133). Later in the most famous of his soliloquys, Hamlet contemplates committing suicide becau se he is troubled by the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune (III, i, 58). His disinterest for life, and his wishes for death are a definite indications of Hamlets sickness. Hamlets sickness is also shown through his strong relationship, bordering on obsession, with his mother. Throughout the play he constantly worries about her, and becomes angry when thinking of her relationship with Claudius. In his first soliloquy, Hamlet becomes enraged when he thinks about her incestuous sheet, and in frustration he makes the irrational generalization that, Frailty, thy name is woman! (I, ii, 146). In the closet scene, Hamlet treats his mother cruelly, and he accuses her of being involved in the plot to kill his father. Once again, he dwells on her enseamd bed/ Stewd in corruption (III, iv, 92-93). In his parting words to Gertrude, Hamlet instructs her to not let the bloat king tempt you again to his bed. (III, iv, 182). He is overly concerned with his mothers relationship with Claudius, and this is just a part of his complex sickness. Wilson Knight also claims that Hamlet is inhumane. This is clearly demonstrated through his relationship with the fair Ophelia. Hamlet originally professes his love for Ophelia during his visitations to her closet, and through the love letter which he writes to her. However, during the nunnery scene, when Ophelia tries to return Hamlets gifts, he retorts I never gave you aught, (III, i, 97) and he goes on to tell her, I loved you not (III, i, 119). Later in this scene he tells Ophelia that she should go to a nunnery. He viciously insults the women whom he said he loved, and this greatly disturbs her. During The Mousetrap, Hamlet once again has no regard for Ophelias feelings, and he mocks her by putting his head in her lap and bantering with her. Hamlet is also responsible for the death of Ophelias father, Polonius. In the closet scene, Hamlet mistook her father for the king, and he fatally stabbed him. Gertrude called this a rash and bloody deed (III, iii, 27). He later shows that h e has no remorse for this inhumane actions when he tells Claudius that Polonius is at supper?ot where he eats, but where he is eaten (IV, ii, 18-20). Hamlets harsh and cruel treatment of Ophelia and his murder of her father lead to the madness which eventually overtook her. She became distraught by Hamlets rejection and the death of her father. This madness caused her to commit suicide by jumping from the bridge. Therefore, Hamlet can be held responsible for her death. If he hadnt treated her in such a cruel manner, her life would not have ended so soon. Hamlet also reveals an inhumane and cynical side at the grave scene. When Laertes proclaims his love for Ophelia and his sorrow for her death, Hamlet rushes from his concealment and jumps into the grave after Laertes. Hamlet insults Laertes when he states, Forty thousand brothers/ Could not, with all their quantity of love,/ Make up my sum (V, i, 234-236). He is so cynical that he doubts that Laertes is sincere, even though there is no proof that Laertes is not being perfectly honest. His concern for his sister was shown when he gives her brotherly advice before he goes away. At the funeral when the priest implies that Ophelia should be buried in ground unsanctified have logd, (V, i, 239) Laertes protests, and he claims that Ophelia shall become a ministering angel (V, i, 251). Hamlet had no right to doubt Laertes and to challenge him at this time of great grief, but Hamlet has become so cynical that he has no regards for Laertes, and he intervenes and causes a fight. Wilson Knight also states that Denmark was place of healthy and robust life, good-nature, humour, romantic strength, and welfare (Jump, 125). The two clowns of act five, scene one display the general welfare of the state. The clowns, as in most Shakespearean plays, are symbols of the common people of the land. When we first encounter the clowns they are discussing the circumstances of Ophelias death, but they soon begin to joke with each other in a merry fashion, and the First Clown tells the Second Clown a joke. Later in the scene, the First Clown engages into his work and he sings an amusing song. This indicates that the common people are relatively satisfied, and they are in the position where they can appreciate humor and find some enjoyment from their lives. Christopher Columbus2 EssayAnother point to counter Knights claim that Hamlet is inhumane is the Princes relationship with the scholar Horatio. Horatio is Hamlets friend from Wittenberg who comes to Elsinore to see Old Hamlets funeral. He is a noble stoic who is by far the most pure character in the play. Horatio is one of the few characters who never tries to deceive anyone, and who doesnt get involved in any crooked plots. Before the Mousetrap, Hamlet calls Horatio as just a man/ As eer conversation copd withal (III, ii, 55-56). This connection between Hamlet and Horatio is so strong that at the end of the play when Hamlet is dying, Horatio is moved to attempt suicide because he is more an antique Roman than a Dane (V, ii, 345). The strong connection between Horatio and Hamlet is important because the pure and wise Horatio would not associate himself with a a sick, cynical, and inhumane prince. This is further evidence which casts doubt upon Knights analysis of Hamlet. Wilson Knight also suggests that the state of Denmark is one of healthy and robust life, good-nature, humor, romantic strength, and welfare. (Jump, 125). However, there are a great deal of textual evidence which indicates that this is an incorrect conclusion. When Bernardo and Francisco are keeping guard, Francisco notes that tis bitter cold,/ And I am sick at heart (I, i, 7-8). The guards are representative of the common people of Denmark, and his comment can be interpreted that the entire state of Denmark is sick at heart due to the recent death of Old Hamlet and Claudius ascension to the thrown. Upon seeing the ghost of Old Hamlet, Horatio comments, This bodes some strange eruption to our state (I, i, 69). Even the scholar who was hesitant to believe in ghosts is now convinced that Denmark is headed for trouble. After the ghost makes his second appearance, Marcellus notes, Something is rotten in the state of Denmark (I, iv, 90). Theses observations in the first act are clear indic ations that Denmark has transformed into a state of chaos. The most glaring weakness of Wilson Knights interpretation of Hamlet is his conclusion that Claudius is a good and gentle king, enmeshed by the chain of causality linking him with his crime (Jump, 125). Knight dismisses the murder of Old Hamlet too easily. As John Jump states, Claudius was no impulsive offender, suddenly acting our of character. He deliberately and treacherously poisoned his mistresss husband, a man who was his brother and his king (Jump, 125). Claudius is saddled with the responsibility for the murder of Old Hamlet, but he does not even consider repenting until the he realizes that Hamlet is planning to seek revenge. However, when he thinks about repent, he wonders May one be pardond and retain the offence? (III, iii, 67). Claudius sees the benefits of repenting, yet he does not want to give up the prizes of his sin. Ultimately, Claudius rises and his thoughts remain below even though his words fly up (III, iii, 98-99). The King is unable to repent because his praye rs are insincere. Is this a good and gentle king? Not only is Claudius unable to repent, but throughout the play he is extremely manipulative of many of the other characters. When Laertes challenges that Claudius is responsible for the madness of his sister and the death of his father, Claudius deftly avoids the situation, and he forms an alliance with Laertes. Claudius suggests that Laertes uses, A sword unbated, and, in a pass of practice/ Requite for your father (IV, vii, 137-138). Cladius further thickens the plot by adding that he will prepare a chalice for the nonce, where on but sipping/ If he by chance escapes venomd stuck,/ purpose may hold there (IV, vii, 159-161). Claudius engineers this vicious plot, and it results in the death of Laertes, Hamlet, and Gertrude. During his reign the kind and gentle King concocted a plot which resulted in the death of three members of the Danish royalty, he murdered his brother, the former King of Denmark, and entered into an incestuous relationship with his brothers wife. While constructing Wilson Knights argument, I gained a full understanding of how he derived his interpretation of the play, and I began to support his interpretation. However, as I began to deconstruct his argument, I realized that there are many weaknesses to his interpretation, and I realized the strengths of my interpretation. This is the challenge of literature. It can be interpreted in so many different manners, and at times the vastly different interpretations can greatly confuse students. It is the students responsibility to take criticisms into consideration, but to derive their own unique interpretation based upon their studies. Shakespeare Essays